中共順直省委在天津建立

中共順直省委在天津建立的寫法

中共順直省委在天津建立介紹

1927年4月,蔣介石在上海發動“四一二”反革命政變后,奉系軍閥在京津地區,也大肆屠殺共產黨人。在北京殺害了北方區委書記李大釗等20人。4月18日,在天津南市,殺害了江震寰等15位革命烈士,史稱天津十五烈士。1931年,天津各界在中山公園立碑,悼念英靈。從1926年11月至1928年1月,天津的黨組織9次遭到破壞,100多名黨員被捕,地委書記李季達等20余人被殺害。

·革命火種(油畫 作者: 黃其)

1927年四五月間(4月27日至5月9日),中國共產黨第五次全國代表大會在武漢召開,大會批判了陳獨秀等的右傾機會主義路線。天津推選安幸生、張宗一參加大會。大會后,中央派彭述之到北方籌備組織中共順直省委; 同時,派蔡和森代表中央視察北方區的工作。蔡和森到北京、山西、山東了解情況后,來到天津。他聽取了天津地委的工作匯報,決定把順直省委設在天津。( “順直” ,指順天府北京和直隸省河北省)1927年8月1日,中共順直省委正式成立,彭述之任書記,劉伯莊、李季達、陳為人,分別負責組織、宣傳和工運,領導華北地區黨的活動。當時,天津地委改為市委(下設3個區委),省委委員李季達兼任市委書記,粟澤、彭真分任市委組織部長和宣傳部長。1927年八七會議后,蔡和森主持改組了順直省委,朱錦堂任書記,于方舟負責組織,撤銷彭述之書記職,改為負責宣傳,王仲一負責工運,楊春霖負責農運,共同組成省委常委。改組會議,批判了右傾路線,卻把八七會議的 “左傾”錯誤帶到了北方。1927年10月15日,省委做出了在綏遠、內蒙、熱河3個特區和北京、天津、直南、唐山、京東4縣,發動 “北方暴動”的冒險主義決定,給革命造成重大損失。于方舟、楊春霖在領導玉田暴動時,壯烈犧牲。1928年7月22日,在新的形勢下,中共中央特派員劉少奇、陳潭秋,在天津主持召開了中共順直省委擴大會議。肅“右”與批“左”相結合;批判極端民主化與民主集中制教育相結合。并重新改組了省委,通過了由陳潭秋提出的省委委員名單,計11人。韓連會、王廷璧、李德貴、郝清玉、郭宗鑒、楊繼錄、傅茂公等,王廷璧被推為常委,韓連會當選為書記。1928年12月,中央軍委書記兼中央組織部長周恩來,來到天津,下榻日租界北洋飯店(今興安路201號)。12月下旬,在西開教堂后大吉里的兩間平房里,召開省委擴大會議。周恩來、劉少奇、陳潭秋等和43名代表出席。貫徹中共“六大”精神,改組省委,不再組織天津市委,由省委直接領導天津黨的工作,下設下邊、河北、河東、租界4個區委。會后不久,周恩來代表黨中央在佛照樓旅館(今哈爾濱道50號)省委會議上,宣布有關決定和任職名單,韓連會繼任書記、陳潭秋任宣傳部長、張金刃任組織部長、張昆弟任工委書記、郝清玉任農委書記、張兆豐任軍委書記、秦蘭英任婦委書記、郭宗鑒任秘書長; 并宣布劉少奇調回中央工作。In April 1927,after Chiang Kai-shek launched theApril 12 Event in Shanghai,the Feng warlordskilled Communists in Beijing and Tianjin. TwentyCommunists including Li Dazhao,Secretary of NorthArea,were killed in Beijing. On 18,Jiang Zhenhuanand 14 Communists were killed at Nanshi,Tianjin. Tomemorize the fifteen martyrs,a monument was erectedat Zhongshan Park in Tianjin in 1931.From November 1926 to January 1928,theCommunist organization was destroyed 9 times. 100Communists were arrested. Li Jida and 19 Communistswere killed.In April and May of 1927,in Wuhan,the FifthNational Congress of CPC was held,which criticizedtheright-wing opportunism of Chen Duxiu. AnXingsheng and Zhang Zongyi attended the conferenceas representatives from Tianjin. After the meeting,thecentralcommitteesentPeng Shuzhi to Tianjin preparingthe Shunzhi Provincial Committee of the CommunistParty.It also sent Cai Hesen to inspect the work of NorthArea.Cai Hesen went to Beijing,Shanxi and Shandongfor investigation.In Tianjin,he listened to the reportsfrom Tianjin District Committee and decided to putthe Shunzhi Provincial Committee in Tianjin. (Shunzhiincluded Shuntian Beijing,Zhili and Hebei.)On August 1,1927,the Shuzhi ProvincialCommittee was set up. Peng Shuzhi was thesecretary. Liu Bozhuang,Li Jida and Chen Weirenwere responsible for organization,propaganda andthe worker`s movement respectively in north China.Tianjin District Committee was enlarged to MunicipalCommittee (including three district committees).Li Jida,a member of the provincial committee,wasthe secretary-general; Su Ze,head of OrganizationDepartment; and Peng Zhen,head of PropagandaDepartment.After the August 7 Meeting in 1927,Cai Hesenrestructured Shunzhi Provincial Committee. ZhuJintang became the secretary-general. Yu Fangzhou,Peng Shuzhi,Wang Zhongyi,and Yang Chunlin wereresponsible for organization,propaganda,worker`smovement and peasant`s movement respectively. All ofthem were standing members.The reconstruction meeting ctiticized the right-wing line,but brought the wrong left-wing line tothe north. On October 15,1927,Shunzhi ProvincialCommittee risked to launch "North Revolution" inSuiyuan,the Inner Mongolia,Rehe,Beijing,Tianjin,Zhinan,Tangshan and Jingdong,which resulted in greatloss to the revolution. Yu Fangzhou and Yang Chunlindied during leading the rebellion at Yutian.On July 22,1928,Liu Shaoqi and Chen Tanqiu asspecial envoys from central committee of CPC held anenlarged meeting of Shunzhi Provincial Committee. Boththe left-wing and the right-wing lines were criticized.Extreme democracy was replaced by democraticcentralism. They also restructured the committee.Peng Lianhui became the secretary-general. PengZhen,Zhang Kundi and Hao Qingyu were responsiblefor organization,worker`s movement and peasant`smovement respectively.In December,Zhou Enlai,Secretary-general ofMilitary Committee and Minister of OrganizationDepartment,came to Tianjin and stayed at the NorthernHotel in the Japanese concession (No. 201,Xing`anRoad). In the last of December,he chaired an enlargedmeeting of Shunzhi Provincial Committee at twobungalows in Dajili at the back of Xikai Church. 43representatives including Liu Shaoqi and Chen Tanqiuattended the meeting. According to the resolution ofthe Sixth National Congress of CPC,the provincialcommittee was restructured. The Tianjin MunicipalCommittee was abolished. The activities of CPC inTianjin were under the leadership of the ShunzhiProvincial Committee. It led four districts in Tianjin: XiaBian,Hebei,Hedong,and Zujie.After the meeting,Zhou Enlai,representing theCentral Committee of CPC,declared the appointmentsduring the provincial meeting at the Fuzhaolou Hotel (50Harbin Road): Han Lianhui was the secretary-general;Chen Tanqiu,head of Propaganda Department; ZhangJinren,head of Organization Department; Zhang Kundi,head of Industrial Department; Hao Qingyu,head ofAgricultural Department; Zhang Zhaofeng,head ofMilitary Department; Qing Lanying,head of WomanDepartment; and Gou Zongjian,general secretary. LiuShaoqi was moved back to the Central Committee ofCPC.

·中共順直省委舊址(今山西路耀華里2號)